Webinar: The history of the Internet, by Wolfgang Kleinwächter
Webinar: A brief history about code, protocols and standards, … by Avri Doria
Online lecture: DNS Explained” in 3 minutes, by CENTR
See also an info graphic by ICANN: Understanding the Internet’s Root Server System
We recommend the following literature and links to prepare for the EuroSSIG.
Easy reading:
- What is the Internet – most important things easily explained by Timothy B. Lee
- How the Internet works – The EDRi papers
- What is a ccTLD registry and what does it do? – By Centr
Preparation for the practicum on WSIS +20 Review (all week):
- IGF information on WSIS+20 and IGF+20 Review by the UN General Assembly (2025)
- Report on the progress made in the implementation of the outcomes of the WSIS during the past 20 years
- WSIS+20 Review updates from the UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
- The ITU’s WSIS+20 High Level Event
- WSIS+20 REVIEW ELEMENTS PAPER
- WSIS+20 Stakeholder Consultations: Inputs to the Elements Paper
Current international processes and initiatives:
- World Summit on the Information Society: 20-year review (WSIS+20) (2025)
- Global Digital Compact (2022 – 2024)
- NETmundial (2014 – 2024)
- The Declaration on the Future of the Internet (DFI) (2022)
- UN Secretary General Roadmap on Digital Cooperation (2020)
- Secretary-General’s High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation (2019 – 2020)
- The Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020 – 2030) (2020)
- European Digital Strategy (2020)
- G20 Ministers Responsible for the Digital Economy (starting from 2017 – …)
- G7/8 Digital Ministers Meetings (starting from 2016 – …)
- UN Open Ended Working Group on Cybersecurity, Draft Final Report (July 10, 2025)
- United Nations Convention against Cybercrime (December 24, 2024)
- Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (GGE LAWS), Draft Rolling Text (May 12, 2025)
- Report on the Informal Consultations on Autonomous Weapon Systems (May 12 – 13, 2025)
- Paper Series of the Global Commission on Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Military Field (GC RAIM) (May 2025)
- Documents from the Open-ended Working Group on ICTs (2021-2025)
- Ad Hoc Committee to Elaborate a Comprehensive International Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for Criminal Purposes (2021 – 2024)
- Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security: UN-Group of Governmental Experts (UN-GGE) and Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) (July 2020)
- Advancing Cyberstability: Final Report of the Global Commission on Stability in Cyberspace (November 2019)
- Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations (2017)
- Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet (February 11, 2025)
- Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence in the Public Interest, AI Summit Paris (February 11, 2025)Terms of Reference and Modalities for the Establishment of the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and the Global Dialogue on AI Governance (June 25, 2025)
- The Rise of Artificial Intelligence & How it will Reshape the Future of Free Speech (OSZE, July 2020)
- UNESCO Draft of a Recommendation on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (May 2020)
- EU White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust, (February 2020)
- G20 Japan AI Principles (July 2019)
- OECD (G20) Principles on Artificial Intelligence (Mai 2019)
Recent articles by Prof. Wolfgang Kleinwächter on CircleID:
- The WSIS+20 Roadmap: Baby Steps in the Right Direction (June 2025)
- Bad News From the 2025 Munich Security Conference: Cyberspace Gets Weaponized (March 2025)
- IGF 2024 in Riyadh: AI, WSIS+20 and the Global South (January 2025)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2025: Unbordered Spaces vs. Bordered Places (January 2025)
- UN Cyber Diplomacy II: Cybersecurity and Autonomous Weapon Systems (November 2024)
- UN Cyberdiplomcy I: PoC, Cybercrime and the Global Digital Compact (September 2024)
- Digital Governance Discussion Group (DGDG): One World, One Internet, Many Voices (February 2024)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2024: “Win-Win-Cooperation” vs. “Zero Sum Games”? (January 2024)
- UN and Cybersecurity: Searching for Consensus in a Divided World (December 2023)
- A Digital Protocol From Kyoto and a Cyber Message From Hamburg: IGF and ICANN Are Well Prepared for the Future (November 2023)
- Fragment or Not Fragment – Is This the Question? Will the “One World-One Internet” Survive Today’s Geopolitical Stress Tests? (June 2023)
- UN and the Global Digital Compact: How to Strengthen the IGF? (April 2023)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2023: Will “Digital Coop-Frontation” Become the “New Normal”? (January 2023)
- G7 vs. BRICS: One Cyberworld, Two Summits and Three Approaches for the Governance of the Internet?, (July 2022)
- How to Save the “Past” in the “Future of the Internet”: Principles, Procedures and Problems of the Washington Declarationon (May 2022)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2022: A Global Digital Compact or a Bifurcated Cyberspace? (January 2022)
- Framing the Internet Governance Debate: The Long Road to WSIS+20 (2025) (March 2021)
- 25 Years of John Barlow’s Declaration of Independence in Cyberspace: When Visions Meet Realities (February 2021)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2021: Digital Cacaphony in a Splintering Cyberspace (January 2021)
- International Law and Cyberspace: It’s the “How”, Stupid (December 2020)
- Internet Bifurcation: Will the US-China Digital Arm-Twisting Splinter the Open and Free Internet? (September 2020)
- UN Secretary General’s Roadmap on Digital Cooperation: Creative Navigating in Stormy Cyberwaters (June 2020)
- Cross-Pollination in Cyberspace and the Internet Governance “Spaghetti-Ball” (April 2020)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2020: The Next Generation of Players and Problems Is Coming (January 2020)
Further recommended academic literature:
- Jovan Kurbalija, An Introduction to Internet Governance (7th edition / 2016) / Excerpt to the revised 8th edition published in 2025 is here
- Milton Mueller, Will the Internet Fragment (2017)
- William J. Drake, Vinton G. Cerf, Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Internet Fragmentation: An Overview (2016) pdf-download
- William J. Drake, Internet Governance: Creating Opportunities for All (2010)
- Milton Mueller, Networks and States (2010)
- Jonathan Zittrain, The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It (2008)
- Avri Doria & Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Internet Governance Forum: The First Two Years (2008)
- Wolfgang Kleinwächter, The Power of Ideas: Internet Governance in a Global Multistakeholder Environment (2007)
- Lawrence Lessig, Code Version 2.0 (2006)
- Jack Glodsmith & Tim Wu, Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World (2006)
- Daniel Stauffacher & Wolfgang Kleinwächter, The World Summit on the Information Society: Moving from the Past into the Future (2005)
- William J. Drake, Reforming Internet Governance (2005)
- Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Macht und Geld in Cyberspace (2004) / in German only
- Donald McLean, Internet Governance (2004)
- Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (2003)
- Manuel Castells, The Internet Galaxy (2002)
- Milton Mueller, Ruling the Root (2002)
We recommend also to visit the following websites in advance:
- ICANN: http://www.icann.org/
- ISOC: http://www.isoc.org/
- IGF: http://www.intgovforum.org
- NRO: http://www.nro.org/
- IETF: http://www.ietf.org
- EuroDIG: http://www.eurodig.org
- Internet Governance Project: https://www.internetgovernance.org/what-is-internet-governance/
John Perry Barlow (1947-2018) Library here