Webinar: The history of the Internet, by Wolfgang Kleinwächter
Webinar: A brief history about code, protocols and standards, … by Avri Doria
Online lecture: DNS Explained” in 3 minutes, by CENTR
See also an info graphic by ICANN: Understanding the Internet’s Root Server System
We recommend the following literature and links to prepare for the EuroSSIG.
Easy reading:
- What is the Internet – most important things easily explained by Timothy B. Lee
- How the Internet works – The EDRi papers
- What is a ccTLD registry and what does it do? – By Centr
Preparation for the practicum on WSIS +20 Review (all week):
- IGF information on WSIS+20 and IGF+20 Review by the UN General Assembly (2025)
- Report on the progress made in the implementation of the outcomes of the WSIS during the past 20 years
- WSIS+20 Review updates from the UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
- The ITU’s WSIS+20 High Level Event
- WSIS+20 REVIEW ELEMENTS PAPER
- WSIS+20 Stakeholder Consultations: Inputs to the Elements Paper
Current international processes and initiatives:
- World Summit on the Information Society: 20-year review (WSIS+20) (2025)
- Global Digital Compact (2022 – 2024)
- NETmundial (2014 – 2024)
- The Declaration on the Future of the Internet (DFI) (2022)
- UN Secretary General Roadmap on Digital Cooperation (2020)
- Secretary-General’s High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation (2019 – 2020)
- The Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020 – 2030) (2020)
- European Digital Strategy (2020)
- G20 Ministers Responsible for the Digital Economy (starting from 2017 – …)
- G7/8 Digital Ministers Meetings (starting from 2016 – …)
Cybersecurity (update coming soon):
- Documents from the Open-ended Working Group on ICTs (2021-2025)
- Ad Hoc Committee to Elaborate a Comprehensive International Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for Criminal Purposes (2021 – 2024)
- Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security: UN-Group of Governmental Experts (UN-GGE) and Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) (July 2020)
- Advancing Cyberstability: Final Report of the Global Commission on Stability in Cyberspace (November 2019)
- Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations (2017)
Artificial Intelligence (update coming soon):
- The Rise of Artificial Intelligence & How it will Reshape the Future of Free Speech( OSZE, July 2020)
- UNESCO Draft of a Recommendation on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (May 2020)
- EU White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust, (February 2020)
- G20 Japan AI Principles (July 2019)
- OECD (G20) Principles on Artificial Intelligence (Mai 2019)
Recent articles by Prof. Wolfgang Kleinwächter on CircleID:
- The WSIS+20 Roadmap: Baby Steps in the Right Direction (June 2025)
- Bad News From the 2025 Munich Security Conference: Cyberspace Gets Weaponized (March 2025)
- IGF 2024 in Riyadh: AI, WSIS+20 and the Global South (January 2025)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2025: Unbordered Spaces vs. Bordered Places (January 2025)
- UN Cyber Diplomacy II: Cybersecurity and Autonomous Weapon Systems (November 2024)
- UN Cyberdiplomcy I: PoC, Cybercrime and the Global Digital Compact (September 2024)
- Digital Governance Discussion Group (DGDG): One World, One Internet, Many Voices (February 2024)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2024: “Win-Win-Cooperation” vs. “Zero Sum Games”? (January 2024)
- UN and Cybersecurity: Searching for Consensus in a Divided World (December 2023)
- A Digital Protocol From Kyoto and a Cyber Message From Hamburg: IGF and ICANN Are Well Prepared for the Future (November 2023)
- Fragment or Not Fragment – Is This the Question? Will the “One World-One Internet” Survive Today’s Geopolitical Stress Tests? (June 2023)
- UN and the Global Digital Compact: How to Strengthen the IGF? (April 2023)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2023: Will “Digital Coop-Frontation” Become the “New Normal”? (January 2023)
- G7 vs. BRICS: One Cyberworld, Two Summits and Three Approaches for the Governance of the Internet?, (July 2022)
- How to Save the “Past” in the “Future of the Internet”: Principles, Procedures and Problems of the Washington Declarationon (May 2022)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2022: A Global Digital Compact or a Bifurcated Cyberspace? (January 2022)
- Framing the Internet Governance Debate: The Long Road to WSIS+20 (2025) (March 2021)
- 25 Years of John Barlow’s Declaration of Independence in Cyberspace: When Visions Meet Realities (February 2021)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2021: Digital Cacaphony in a Splintering Cyberspace (January 2021)
- International Law and Cyberspace: It’s the “How”, Stupid (December 2020)
- Internet Bifurcation: Will the US-China Digital Arm-Twisting Splinter the Open and Free Internet? (September 2020)
- UN Secretary General’s Roadmap on Digital Cooperation: Creative Navigating in Stormy Cyberwaters (June 2020)
- Cross-Pollination in Cyberspace and the Internet Governance “Spaghetti-Ball” (April 2020)
- Internet Governance Outlook 2020: The Next Generation of Players and Problems Is Coming (January 2020)
Further recommended academic literature:
- Jovan Kurbalija, An Introduction to Internet Governance (7th edition / 2016) / Excerpt to the revised 8th edition published in 2025 is here
- Milton Mueller, Will the Internet Fragment (2017)
- William J. Drake, Vinton G. Cerf, Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Internet Fragmentation: An Overview (2016) pdf-download
- William J. Drake, Internet Governance: Creating Opportunities for All (2010)
- Milton Mueller, Networks and States (2010)
- Jonathan Zittrain, The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It (2008)
- Avri Doria & Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Internet Governance Forum: The First Two Years (2008)
- Wolfgang Kleinwächter, The Power of Ideas: Internet Governance in a Global Multistakeholder Environment (2007)
- Lawrence Lessig, Code Version 2.0 (2006)
- Jack Glodsmith & Tim Wu, Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World (2006)
- Daniel Stauffacher & Wolfgang Kleinwächter, The World Summit on the Information Society: Moving from the Past into the Future (2005)
- William J. Drake, Reforming Internet Governance (2005)
- Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Macht und Geld in Cyberspace (2004) / in German only
- Donald McLean, Internet Governance (2004)
- Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (2003)
- Manuel Castells, The Internet Galaxy (2002)
- Milton Mueller, Ruling the Root (2002)
We recommend also to visit the following websites in advance:
- ICANN: http://www.icann.org/
- ISOC: http://www.isoc.org/
- IGF: http://www.intgovforum.org
- NRO: http://www.nro.org/
- IETF: http://www.ietf.org
- EuroDIG: http://www.eurodig.org
- Internet Governance Project: https://www.internetgovernance.org/what-is-internet-governance/
John Perry Barlow (1947-2018) Library here